Drop-hammer.



PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906.

J. P. MoLEOD. DROP HAMMER. APPLIOATION FILED JULY6J1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J i ,P. JFLeod m fimssas Wm. J

PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906.

J. P. MoLEOD.

DROP HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED JULYG. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT o rrron.

JOHN P. MoLEOD, OF CHICAGO, ILLIliOIS, ASSIGNOR TO FRIEDLY &

' VOSHARDT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A FIRM.

DROP-HAMMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 12, 1906.

Application filed July 6, 1905. Serial No. 268,409-

citizen of the United States, residing at Chi-- cago, in the county of Cook and State of Illi- 1101s, have invented new and useful Im rovements in Drop-Hammers, of which t e fol lowing is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

The purpose of this invention is to provide an improved construction of a drop-hammer and its base or bed for the urpose of avoiding deterioration and brea age liable to be caused by the shock to the entire frame structure when the blow of the hammer is directly experienced by such frame and to avoid also the damage to the joint or connection between the drop-hammer and the lifting-rod which is liable to be caused by the momentum of the rod 0 erating with an effect e uivalent to that o a blow on the seat, w ch stops the end thrust of the rod in the hammer when the latter is arrested by its impact upon the work.

Other purposes relate to cushioning the thrust of the piston in the upward movement or retraction of the hammer and latching the hammer at elevated position.

It consists of the features of construction set out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sec-.

' tion axial with respect to the lifting-stem of the hammer through the hammer-frame and foundation embodying my invention. Fig. 2is a section at the line 2 2 on Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail section at the line 3 3 on Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a section at the line 4 4 on'Fig. 3. Fig. 5'is a section at the line 5 5 on Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a section at the line 6 6 on Fig. 1.

For my improved drop-hammer frame there is provided a base 1, resting on a suitable concrete or stone foundation 2, said base having a vertical aperture 1 underneath the hammer and receiving in said aperture a bed 3, which is definitely located within the aperture and engaged with the base by vertical splines 3, having verticallyguiding engagement with corresponding vertical grooves 1 in the sides of the aperture in the base. The bed 3 rests directly upon the foundation 2, so that said foundation directly receives the impact of the blow given by the hammer and no direct force of that blow nor'any material part of the vibration which it causes is transmitted'to the base 1 nor to any ortion of the frame mounted on such base. The'base may be made of cast-iron; but the bed 3 is preferably made of semisteel. At the central part of the to of the bed there is let into it a steel block 4, aving an upwardly-protruding boss or tenon 4* for engaging and fixing in location the die, of whatever form, which may be mounted upon the bed and directly upon the steel block, hereinafter named the dieholder. This die-holder, which next to the die is exposed to the most severe stress of the blow given by the hammer, is thus made removable and can be replaced by a new one, avoiding the necessity for re lacing the entire bed, which might otherwise result. The guide-standards 6 6 for the hammer 7 are bolted rigidly to the base and connected at their upper ends by the rigid frame of which the cylinder 8 is preferably an integral part, such frame comprising a cross-bar 8 and oblique braces 8 8 the cross-bar 8 being formed to seat upon the u per ends of the standards 6 6, which are bo ted to said cross bar. The holes for the bolts by which the standards are joined to .the base and to the top frame are elongated to permit a'djustment to the standards for accurate guidance of the hammer 7. On the base the standards are adjusted by means of tapered keys 1O 10, lodged between the outer sides of the standards, respectively, and the shoulders 1 1, which are sloped divergently at angle corresponding to the'taper of the keys, so that the driving of the keys longitudinally crowds the standards toward each other in a manner keeping them at all positions parallel with each other. -The keys are longitudinally slotted for the securing-screws 11 11, whic may be set down to bind the keys tightly at adjusted position; The upper ends of the standards are adjusted or, more correctly s eaki'ng, are secured and checked at positlons to which they are brought by the adjustment at the base by the check-bolts 12 12, which are set in through the lugs 8 8 of the top frame and said lugs projecting down from said top frame outside the standards, respectively, so that the check-bolts projecting in through the lugs impinge against the sides of the standards at their upper ends, the latter being preferably provided with sockets in which the bolts engage, at the bottom of which they thus impinge.

The hammer 7 is connected by a rod13 to; the piston 14 and the'liftin -cylinder 8. Saidcylinder is provided wit connection for steam or comnlressed air for driving u Ward the piston to ft the hammer, the va vs 26 being constructed as hereinafter more par-' ticularly described for venting the motive fluid from the cylinder when the supply thereof is'cut oil. The arrest of the hammer by'the workat the end of its drop causes the rod 13, weighted also by the piston 14, to impose upon its seat in the hammer at the lower end of the rod a stressdue' to the momentum derived in the fall, which tends rapidly to hammer out the seat and loosen the connec- I tion, and when any play has occurred this hammerin is'increased, and thereb rapidly. increases t e lay, so that inthe' a senceof provision to t e contrari constant re air of the .joint is necessa he blow of t e rod and piston'which t e seat receives is also 15*, whose diameter is substantially that of. the pocket 7*, so that thepocket is thereby floored over. Above this floor there is driven into the pocket a hard-wood plug 16, accu rately leveled at the up er end, and on this plug there is seated the ower member 17 of the socket for a ball-and-socket joint which is to be formed between the hammer" and the lifting-rod' The other member 18 of this socket is necessarily annular and is passed onto the rod from the upper end before the rod is connected with'the piston. The central'o ening of this annular socket member is in dlameter a little reater than the diameter of the rod above the globular head 13 of the latter. This head, itwill be'understood,

\ is provided with spherico-segmental seats in the two socket members 17 and 18, and the upper socket member is held in proper close relation to the other member and to the globular head 13 by I screwed into the u per end of the pocket 7*,

4 which is threaded or a suitable distance from ada ted to engage the notches 20".

the upper end for that purpose. The upper end of the sleeve is rovided with a flange 20, having periphera notches 20 for engagement of a npanner-wrench for screwing it in and out an to also afford engagement for a keeper 19, which is ivotally mounted upon the upper end of the ammer and has its nose The har -wood plu 16 not only cushions the blow of the rod at t earrest of the hammer, but also by its non-metallic texture tends to aba threaded sleeve 20,.

fsas ze'o sorb the vibration and not to'transmit it to the body of the hammer. This plug being completely confined in the pocket 7 with no room for expansion and havin only a limited degree of compressibility. as great endurance in this position, and not being hard enou h to force itself into thesui rounding meta the wall of the; pocket is inno respect imp aired by the hammering which the wooden plug receives, and when the plug becomes deteriorated or compressed to a sufficient extent to make its replacement desirable the plug 15, with its broad head completely floor ing the pocket, affords ,means for drivin it' out cleanlyfrom below; It will be un e sto'o'd thatany pl a'y resulting from the compression of the wooden plug which may be caused by thehammering can be compensated as often as necessary by adjusting the sleeve 20. i

For the purpose ofsecur'ely checking the hammer at elevated position whendesirable for adj ustin the work on the bed there ispr'o vided a latch 21, pivoted on one of the standards 6, normalhpendent from its pivot out of the path of the ammer, but having an extension 21 above its fulcrum of sufiic ent length to reach from the fulcrum horizontally to it oint in the path of the hammer when the atch is lifted from pendent to horizontal 'position, and there is 'rovided on the standard a sto *shoulder'6, acing downward, against whic the end of the latch which is normally pendent is stopped when it is lifted to such orizontal position, and thereby the latch becomes an adequate supportfor the hammer .at such position.

The compressed-air or steam connection for the cylinder 8 is made through the boss 25, which constitutes a seat for the cylindrical valveor cook 26. The boss is bored from end to end,- and the valve. is lodged therein between the two caps 25 and 25*, through the latter of which thevalveastem 27 protrudes and extends across to a bearing 30, provided for it on the frame, and intermediate the valve andsaid bearing it is enga ed 7 by a lever-arm 31, fulcrumed o the brac et 31*, mounted on the standard for rocking the valve from inlet to exhaust position. For such engagement there is fast on thestem 27 a collar 27*, having'two teeth 27*,between which the endof the lever enters. The steam or air inlet pi e 2'7 is connected into one end of the boss t ough the ta lttt 25 and the exhaust is made from t e upper side throu h the outlet or exhaust pi e 29.- The cylin 'ical valve 26 is hollow an has a longi-- tudinal diaphragm 26 dividing its cavity into two chambers 26 and 26, being open at one end, as seen at 26. The chamber 26 has also a lon tudinal aperture 26, and the chamber ,26 as two longi-tudinal apertures 26 and 26 respectively. The apertures 26 .26, and 26 are adapted to register with the port which opens through the boss 25 1nto the cavity of the cylinder 8. The two apertures 26 and 26 are at a very short distance apart about the circumference of the valve at opposite sides of the diaphragm 26, so that a small'angular movement of the valve in its seat changes the communication of the port 25 from one to the other of said apertures. The a erture 26 registers with the port 25, lea g into the exhaust-pipe 29, when the aperture 26 registers with the port 25 so that when the valve stands in posltion with these two apertures registering with said two orts, respectively, the c linder is exhauste and by rocking the'va ve in its seat to a suflicient angle to bring the aperture 26 in registration with the port 25 the exhaust is first closed, and then the port 25 coming into registration with the aperture 26? the cylinder is connected with the inlet.

This construction of the valve, it will be seen,

making it require such slight angular movement to change from inlet to exhaust renders the hammer susce tible to rapid operation.

At the upper end of the cylinder 8 there is mounted a supplemental cylinder 32, provided with a piston 33 and having a small vent-aperture 34 at the upper end, the stem 35 of the piston 33 being arranged to protrude down into the cylinder 8 in position to be encountered by the piston 14 or any protrudin part at the upper side thereof upon the l' ting movement of said piston 14, whereby the iston 33 is forced up into its cylinder, drivmg the air before it more rapidly than the same can escape through the vent 34, thus roducing an air-cushion for the said upstro e of the piston 14. The air will escape slowlythrough the vent 34, so that the cushion will be relieved; but said vent is sufficiently small to make the cushion practically as effective, as if the chamber were closed. A spring 36 may be provided at the upper side of the piston 33 to yieldingly check t e upstroke of said iston and to cause it to return with reasona 1e romptnessnotwithstanding the smallness o the vent. 34.

I claim *1. In a drop-hammer structure, a drophammer and its lifting-rod, the rod having a ball-and-socket-joint connection with the hammer, the ball being formed on the end of the rod and the socket comprising a bottom seat and an annular cap, the hammer having a pocket in which the two socket elements are lod ed; a wooden plug in the bottom of such poc et under the seat, and means for adjustmg the cap to close up the socket.

2. In a dro -hammer structure, in combination with t e hammer and its lifting-rod, elements forming a ball-and-socket joint be tween the lifting-rod and the hammer, comrising a bottom or seating element for the ball and an annular cap, the hammer having a vertical upwardly-open pocket; a wooden plug atthe lower part of such pocket, the twoart socket being lodged above the woo en the annular cap for closing up the socket and retaining it in the pocket.

3. In a drop-hammer structure, a hammer having a central bore from the top ward, and a central aperture from the bottom of the bore leading throu h the lower face of the bore; a woodenfplug odged in the bore resting on the head 0 the plu the lifting-rod havin a ball-terminal, an elements formin a soc et for such ball lodged in the bore a ove the plug, and a sleeve screwed into the bore at the upper end for closing up the socket.

4. In a drop-hammer structure, in combination with the hammer, a lifting-rod for the same; a seat or box with which the liftingrod makes a joint at the lower end, the hammer having'a pocket in which the seat or box is lodged; a wooden plu -in the pocket;

means for retaining the seat or box in the pocket, the bottom of the pocket bein apertured, and a false bottom or disklodge inthe bottom of the pocket which is accessible through the aperture by which the wooden plug may be drivengout of the pocket.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand,'in the presence of two witnesses, at Chicago, Illinois, this 12th da of June, 1905.

J OHN MoLEOD. In presence of- I CHAS. S. BURTON, J. S. ABBo'r'r down- 

